Common lighting used in theaters

1. Lighting Fixtures:
   The first step in designing the lighting for a theatre is selecting the appropriate lighting fixtures. Here are some common fixtures used in theatres:

（1）Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight : Also known as Leko lights, ERS fixtures are versatile and capable of producing sharp, well-defined beams of light. They are commonly used for key lighting, highlighting specific areas or actors on stage.

（2）Fresnel Spotlight: Fresnel fixtures produce a soft-edged, diffused light beam, making them ideal for general stage lighting, providing an even wash of light.

（3）Par can light : Parabolic Aluminized Reflector (PAR) cans are compact, versatile fixtures that create a broad, intense beam of light. They are commonly used for backlighting, creating dramatic effects, or illuminating large areas on stage.

（4）Automated Fixtures: Moving lights, such as intelligent lighting fixtures or robotic lights, offer versatile options for dynamic lighting effects, color changes, and precise control over movement and focus.

2. Lighting Techniques:
The standard lighting setup for a theatre involves several lighting techniques to create different effects. Some commonly used techniques include:

（1） Key Lighting: Key lighting is the primary source of illumination for the actors on stage. It highlights their facial expressions and defines their presence. Usually, ERS fixtures are used as key lights.

（2） Fill Lighting: Fill lights help balance the key lighting and reduce harsh shadows, ensuring even illumination on the stage. Fresnel or diffused lights are often used as fill lights.

（3）Backlighting: Backlighting creates separation between the actors and the background, emphasizing their outlines and adding depth to the scene. PAR cans or automated fixtures can be used for backlighting.

（4）Special Effects: Special effects lighting techniques involve using color filters, gobos (patterned templates), or moving lights to create dynamic and visually stunning effects like rain, thunder, or simulated fire.